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Vol. 25 No. 3
May - June 2003

The Project Place | Information about new, current, and complete IUPAC projects and related initiatives
See also www.iupac.org/projects

Solubility of Substances Related to Urolithiasis

Improved solubility predictions for substances precipitating from complex body fluids would be of great benefit, given that, for instance, over one million Australians are currently suffering from kidney stones, causing the health system direct identifiable costs of over $70 million a year. The prevention and treatment of crystal deposition in the human body are based on the understanding of the physico-chemical properties underlying the precipitation of the substances involved. Among these properties, the solubilities of the crystals are very important. In the scope of urolithiasis, there are more than 20 different types of kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate hydrates (mono-, di-, and trihydrate), ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite), calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite and brushite), uric acid and urates, cystine, and xanthine. Solubilities of these substances can be incorporated in databases of sophisticated software packages that permit solubility calculations in artificial urine solutions. The results of these simulations would lead to some understanding and/or useful suggestions regarding the cause, prevention, and treatment of renal or bladder calculi. In any case, proper modelling of the solubilities of these substances requires reliable solubility constants. Thus, it is necessary to critically assess the literature values reported for these substances. Recently, a review on this subject was published in PAC, Vol. 73, pp. 785-797 (2001).

www.iupac.org/projects/2002/2002-035-1-500.html


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