Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC Technical
Report)
J. Stejskal*1
and R. G. Gilbert2
1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
2Key Centre for Polymer Colloids
F11, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Abstract: Eight persons from five institutions in different
countries carried out polymerizations of aniline following the same
preparation protocol. In a "standard" procedure, aniline hydrochloride
was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient
temperature. The yield of polyaniline was higher than 90 % in all cases.
The electrical conductivity of polyaniline hydrochloride thus prepared
was 4.4 ± 1.7 S cm-1 (average of 59 samples), measured
at room temperature. A product with defined electrical properties could
be obtained in various laboratories by following the same synthetic
procedure. The influence of reduced reaction temperature and increased
acidity of the polymerization medium on polyaniline conductivity were
also addressed. The conductivity changes occurring during the storage
of polyaniline were monitored. The density of polyaniline hydrochloride
was 1.329 g cm-3. The average conductivity of corresponding
polyaniline bases was 1.4 x108
S cm-1, the density being 1.245 g cm-1. Additional
changes in the conductivity take place during storage. Aging is more
pronounced in powders than in compressed samples. As far as aging effects
are concerned, their assessment is relative. The observed reduction
in the conductivity by ~10 % after more than one-year storage is large
but, compared with the low conductivity of corresponding polyaniline
(PANI) base, such a change is negligible. For most applications, an
acceptable level of conductivity may be maintained throughout the expected
lifetime.
** Corresponding author.
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