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Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 68, No. 9, pp. 1737-1748 (1996)
Environmental and Health
Issues
J. Miyamoto
(President, IUPAC Division of Chemistry and the Environment)
The environmental behavior of a chemical
is governed by its intrinsic physicochemical properties, including their
metabolic activities, as well as by characteristic features of the environmental
compartments. This inextricable network of interactions contribute to
degradation and mineralization of organic compounds. Under the circumstances
that the chemical is lipophilic and/or resistant against chemical and
biological degradation, it tends to be transported to other environmental
compartments and/or subject to bioaccumulation. The adverse effects
of chemicals on humans and organisms in the environment are assessed
by a variety of toxicological studies to establish ADI (acceptable daily
intake in man) or PNEC (predicted no observed effect level in organisms),
in comparison with the calculated exposure levels based on the environmental
behavior of chemicals.
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