| Number: | 550/63/97 |
|---|---|
| Start: | 01 January 1997 |
| End: | 31 December 2002 |
The availability of second-kind electrodes for sensing ions other than halides, is poor in aqueous media and even worst in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. Extensive measurements have allowed a critical revision of all existing data and procedures, together with extension of the field of application. Directions for optimization of electrode designs, set-up, standardization and operation procedures (both for thermodynamic and analytical applications) are now focused. Standard electrode potentials have been critically redetermined, or newly determined. The parallel performances of second-kind lead/lead chromate, lead/lead sulphate, and lead/lead phosphate electrodes have been calibrated.
Project completed - IUPAC Technical Report published in Pure Appl. Chem. 74(4), 593-600, 2002.