10. SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fundamentals
10.2.1
Radiation
10.2.1.1
Optical radiation
10.2.1.2
X-ray Generation
10.2.1.3
Molecular spectroscopy
10.3 Processes and techniques
10.3.1
Radiation sources
10.3.1.1
Excitation and radiation of spectra
10.3.1.2
Electrical arcs
10.3.1.3
Electrical sparks (spark discharges)
10.3.1.4
Radiofrequency plasmas
10.3.1.5
Low pressure electrical discharges (LPED)
10.3.1.6
Lasers
10.3.2 Spectrometry
10.3.2.1
Spectral dispersion and isolation of spectra
10.3.2.1.1 Spectral apparatus
10.3.2.1.2 Spectral apparatus with detection and/or measuring facilities
10.3.2.1.3 Optical components of dispersive spectral instruments
10.3.2.1.4 Optical components of non-dispersive spectral instruments
10.3.2.1.5 Predisperser and postdisperser
10.3.2.1.6 Properties of spectral apparatus
10.3.2.1.7 Terms relating to wavelength of radiation
10.3.2.1.8 Terms relating to conductance
10.3.2.1.9 Mountings of spectral apparatus
10.3.2.2
Dispersion of X-ray radiation
10.3.2.3
Radiation detectors
10.3.2.4
X-ray detectors
10.3.2.5
Semiconductor detectors
10.3.2.6
Spatially resolving detectors
10.3.2.7
Wavelength converters
10.3.3 Data
interpretation
10.3.3.1 General concepts
10.3.3.2 Analytical functions and curves
10.3.3.3 Terms related to small concentrations
10.3.4 Spectrochemical
techniques
10.3.4.1
Arc emission spectrometry
10.3.4.2
Spark emission spectrometry
10.3.4.3
Flame emission spectrometry (FES)
10.3.4.4
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)
10.3.4.5
Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
10.3.4.6
Vapour generation methods
10.3.4.7
Laser atomization and excitation for use in atomic emission spectroscopy
10.3.4.8
X-ray spectroscopy
10.3.4.9
Preparation of materials for analytical atomic spectrometry
10.3.5 Molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV/VIS)
10.3.5.1
Instrumental factors
10.3.5.2
Measuring techniques
10.3.6 Luminescence spectroscopy
10.3.6.1
Matrix Effects
10.3.6.2
Instrumental parameters
10.3.6.3
Measurement and use of luminescence parameters in analysis
10.3.6.4
Factors affecting luminescence data
10.4 References